How do I know if my issue is handled by local, State, or Central government?

Quick answer: Local issues — water, roads, street lights, sanitation in your ward or village — are usually with the panchayat or municipality. State issues — State schemes, State departments (e.g. health, education at State level), State grievance — are with the State. Central issues — central schemes, central ministries, CPGRAMS — are with the Centre. When in doubt, contact your ward councillor or panchayat office; they can redirect you. Our doc on Federal Structure: Centre and States and Understanding Local Government Roles has more.